高中英语定语从句的口诀

（口诀一）定语从句真奇妙，关系代(副)词来引导，定语从句分两种，是否限定看逗号。　　

（口诀二）which指物who指人，地点where时间when,that人或物均可，　why之前是reason。　　

（口诀三）从句当中作宾语，whom可以代替who,为了句子更简练，关系代词可省去。　　

（口诀四）关系若是表所属，whose用法不可无。除此之外还有啥，whom, which加of。

（口诀五）关系代词不一般，介词经常用在前，此时不用that,who，which, whom才安全。

三、定语从句“口诀一”详解

定语从句真奇妙，关系代(副)词来引导，定语从句分两种，是否限定看逗号。

该口诀的意思是，定语从句由关系代词(which,that, who, whom, whose)和关系副词(where, when, why)来引导。请同学们牢记这8个词。

定语从句分“限制性定语从句”和“非限制性定语从句”两种，前者表示与主句的关系比较密切，它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况。如果去掉，则会影响句子意思的完整。后者表示与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明而已。如果去掉，主句意思仍然清楚完整。它跟主句之间常用逗号分开，翻译时通常不译作定语，而是单独译成与主句并列的句子。请比较：　　

Tom is a boy who often helpsothers. 汤姆是一个经常帮助别人的男孩。（whooften helps others是限制性定语从句。如果去掉，Tom is a boy.这个句子就没什么意义。）　　

Yesterday I met Tom, whoseemed a little upset. 昨天我见到了汤姆，他看起来有点心烦意乱。（whoseemed a little upset是非限制性定语从句。如果去掉，Yesterday I metTom.仍有意义。）　

又如：A doctor is aperson who looks after people's health. 医生就是负责人们健康的人。

This is the diamond whichthe lady has lost. 这就是那位女士丢失的钻石。

The school where I studiedfor only two years was three kilometers away. 我学习了仅两年的那所学校离家3公里远。　　

I still remember the timewhen I first traveled by plane. 我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。　　

（以上为限制性定语从句）　　

Last night I saw a very goodfilm, which was about the Second World War. 昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，它是关于第二次世界大战的。

My parents live in myhometown, which is about 30 kilometers from here. 我的父母住我的家乡，离这里大约30公里。　　

Alice, who is a distantrelative of mine, studies in Yale now. 爱丽丝是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在耶鲁学习。　　

The house, where a murdercase happened last year, has got a lovely garden. 那栋房子有一个漂亮的花园，去年那里发生过一起谋杀案。

（以上为非限制性定语从句）　　

四、定语从句“口诀二”详解　　

which指物who指人，地点where时间when,that人或物均可，why之前是reason。　　

该口诀的意思是，选用什么样的关系代词（或关系副词），是由先行词决定的。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词；连接先行词和定语从句的词叫做关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词），也叫引导词。关系词不仅在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，而且也充当定语从句中的一个成分。例如：　　

They planted some treeswhich didn’t need much water. 他们种植了一些不大需要水的树木。（which指物）　　

The foreigner who visitedour school yesterday is from 　　Canada　　. 昨天参观我们学校的那位外国人来自加拿大。（who指人）　　

This is the house where theold scientist once lived. 这是那位老科学家曾经居住过的房子。（为了押韵才说“地点where”。意思是说，先行词是地点时，关系词用where。）　　

I will never forget the daywhen I joined the Youth League. 我将永远不会忘记我加入团的那一天。（为了押韵才说“时间when”。意思是说，先行词是时间时，关系词用when。）　　

Do you know the man that isreading a book over there? 你认识正在那儿读书的那个人吗？（that人或物均可）　　

This is a supermarket thatsells a variety of goods. 这是一家出售各种各样商品的超市。（that人或物均可）　　

I don’t know the reason why he is late. 我不知道他迟到的原因。（为了押韵才说“why之前是reason”。意思是说，先行词是原因reason时，关系词用why。）　　

【注意】当定语从句由关系副词where,when或why引导时，可以用“介词+which”代替。例如：　　

This is the house where theold scientist once lived. = This is the house in which the old scientist oncelived. 　　

I will never forget the daywhen I joined the Youth League. = I will never forget the day on which I joinedthe Youth League.　　

She came around to explainthe reason why she was absent from the meeting. = She came around to explainthe reason for which she was absent from the meeting.　　

【注意】并非所有的地点、时间或原因，后面的定语从句都要用where, when或why引导。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，那么，就要用that或which引导。例如：　　

This is the house that/which(不用where) my father built last year. 这是我父亲去年建造的房子。（作定语从句的宾语）　　

Do you still remember thedays that/which (不用when) we spent inthe countryside? 你是否还记得我们在乡下度过的那些日子吗？（作定语从句的宾语）　　

I won’t listen to the reason that/which (不用why)you have given us. 我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。（作定语从句的宾语）

五、定语从句“口诀三”详解　　

从句当中作宾语，whom可以代替who,为了句子更简练，关系代词可省去。

该口诀的意思是，如果关系代词在定语从句中作了宾语，那么就可以省略。此时，指人的关系代词whom可以代替who，当然也都可以省略。具体地说，who和whom二者都用于指人。语法规定，who在定语从句中作主语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。但在现代英语中，作定语从句宾语时，用who和whom都可以。例如：

The boy who made a speechjust now is my best friend.刚才讲话的那个男孩是我最好的朋友。（who在从句中作主语，不可省略）　　

I have many friends(who/whom) I can turn to for help when in trouble.我有很多在困难时刻可以求助的朋友。(who/whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略)　　

【注意】在从句中作介词的宾语且介词提到之前时，只能用whom,不能用who。如：I havemany friends to whom I can turn for help when in trouble.我有很多在困难时刻可以求助的朋友。　　

The river which/that runsthrough the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure.穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来了很多欢乐。（which/that在从句中作主语，不可省略）　　

Do you remember the holiday(which/that) we spent together? 你记得我们一起度过的那个假期吗？（which在从句中作宾语，可以省略）　　

The message (which/that) youare looking for is in today's China Daily.你找的信息就在今天的《中国日报》上。（that, which在从句中作宾语，可以省略）　　

又如：　　

The fish (which/that) Icooked was very delicious. 我做的那条鱼味道鲜美。　　

The girl (who/whom/that) yousaw yesterday is my girlfriend. 你昨天见到的那个女孩是我的女朋友。　　

六、定语从句“口诀四”详解　　

关系若是表所属，whose用法不可无。除此之外还有啥？whom, which加of。　　

该口诀的意思是，如果先行词与后面的名词是所属关系，那么要用whose来引导。whose指人也指物，它表示先行词与它所修饰的词是所有关系，本身在定语从句中作定语。　　

I want to help the children,whose parents were injured or died in the earthquake. 我想帮助那些孩子们，他们的父母在地震中伤亡。　　

We must repair the desks andchairs whose legs are broken. 我们必须修理那些断了腿的桌子和椅子。　　

除了用whose表所属关系以外，在whom和which前加of也是一个不错的办法。上面两句可以这样表达：　　

I want to help the children,whose parents were injured or died in the earthquake.　　

=I want to help thechildren, of whom the parents were injured or died in the earthquake.　　

=I want to help thechildren, the parents of whom were injured or died in the earthquake.　　

We must repair the desks andchairs whose legs are broken.　

=We must repair the desksand chairs of which the legs are broken.　　

=We must repair the desksand chairs the legs of which are broken.　　

此外，下面是我们常见的一些类似的表达：　　

I'd like a room whose windowlooks out over the sea. 　　

I'd like a room the windowof which looks out over the sea.　

I'd like a room of which thewindow looks out over the sea.　

We rushed over to help thedriver whose car had broken down.　　

We rushed over to help thedriver the car of whom had broken down.　　

We rushed over to help thedriver of whom the car had broken down.　　

She has three daughters, oneof whom is a doctor.　　

She has three daughters, allof whom are beautiful.　　

She has three daughters, theoldest of whom is called Mary.

七、定语从句“口诀五”详解　　

关系代词不一般，介词经常用在前，此时不用that,who，which, whom才安全。　　

该口诀的意思是，介词经常用在关系代词的前面。这时，关系代词无论指物或者指人，一律不用that, 也不用who，而必须用which或whom。“介词+which”是定语从句中常见的语言现象，也是学生不易掌握的一个语法项目，关键是这个“介词”较难确定。但它是有规律可循的，主要有以下几种情况：　

1. 根据时间、地点、原因跟介词的关系，用“介词+which”替代when,where, why　　

(1) 代when 　　

I'll never forget the day onwhich (=when) my son was born. 我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。（on根据on the day确定）　　

The year in which (=when)the earthquake happened was 2008. 发生地震的那年是2008年。（in根据the year确定）　　

(2) 替代where　　

This is the office in which(=where) I used to work. 这就是我过去工作过的办公室。（in根据the office确定）　　

He forgot the exact spot onwhich (=where) he had hidden the jewelry. 他忘记了埋藏珠宝的确切地点。（on根据the spot确定）　　

(3) 替代why　　

I'd like you to explain thereason for which (=why) you refused my offer. 我想让你解释一下你拒绝我的帮助的原因。（for根据the reason确定）　　

2. 根据与先行词搭配的具体意义确定介词　　

I'll never forget the timeduring which I was with my friends in the country. 我永远不会忘记和朋友们一起在乡村度过的时光。(during根据thetime确定)　　

I will offer you a betterway in which you can do the job. 我要给你提供一个做这项工作较好的办法。(in根据a better way确定)　　

3. 根据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配确定介词　　

She bought several clothes,on which she spent all her money. 她买了几件衣服，这些衣服花光了她所有的钱。（on根据spend…on确定）　　

It is the grammar rules ofwhich I am not sure.　　

我没有把握的就是语法规则。（of根据be sure of确定）　　

4. 根据定语从句所表达的具体意思确定介词　　

Can you see the river acrosswhich there is a bridge? 你能看见上面有座桥的那条河？　　

He is swimming in the river,on which there is a boat. 他在那条河里游泳，河面上有一只小船。　　

Here is the river in which Iused to swim. 这儿就是我过去常在里面游泳的那条河。　　

【注意】　　

有些“动词+介词”短语被视为一个固定的词组，不可分割。这时不能把介词置于关系代词前，如：listen to, look at, look for, look after, care for, hear from, sendfor 等。　　

This is the right book forwhich I'm looking. (误)　　

This is the right book thatI'm looking for. (正)　　

此外，除了“介词+ which”以外，如果定语从句的先行词是“人”，那么也可以用“介词+ whom”引导定语从句，例如：　　

Mary is the girl for whom Ibought this gift. 玛丽就是我为其买礼物的女孩。　　

The person to whom youtalked just now is his father. 你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是他父亲。